Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Properties, Applications, and Future Prospects

Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) composites represent a significant advancement in material science, combining the robust properties of basalt fibers with the versatile characteristics of polymer matrices. This article explores the fundamental properties of BFRP composites, including their mechanical, thermal, and tribological attributes. BFRP composites offer several advantages over other composite materials, including superior resistance to corrosion and environmental degradation, a high strength-to-weight ratio, and better sustainability due to the natural basalt fibers, which are non-toxic, abundant, and cost-effective compared to carbon and glass fibers. The discussion extends to the materials used in BFRP composites, such as epoxy and vinyl ester polymers, as well as the different forms of basalt fibers, including woven fabrics and chopped strands. The manufacturing processes, including hand lay-up, filament winding, pultrusion, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), are examined for their impact on the quality and performance of BFRP composites. The article highlights the diverse applications of BFRP composites across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, energy, sports equipment, and electro-technical sectors. Future prospects for BFRP composites are optimistic, with advancements in production technologies, hybrid composite development, and increased emphasis on environmental sustainability poised to enhance their performance and reduce costs. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of BFRP composites to play a pivotal role in the evolution of high-performance, eco-friendly materials in engineering and industrial applications.